390 lines
12 KiB
C++
390 lines
12 KiB
C++
/*!
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@file src/Compiler/Compiler.hpp
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@brief 编译器定义
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@author PuqiAR (im@puqiar.top)
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@date 2026-02-19
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*/
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#pragma once
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#include <Ast/Ast.hpp>
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#include <Bytecode/Bytecode.hpp>
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#include <Deps/Deps.hpp>
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#include <Error/Error.hpp>
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#include <Object/Object.hpp>
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#include <SourceManager/SourceManager.hpp>
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#include <cassert>
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#include <iostream>
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namespace Fig
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{
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// 编译产物-函数
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struct Proto
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{
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DynArray<Instruction> code;
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DynArray<Value> constants;
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std::uint8_t maxStack = 0; // 函数运行所需寄存器数量
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};
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struct LocalVar
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{
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int localId; // AST 传来的纯数字 ID
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std::uint8_t reg; // 分配到的物理寄存器 ID
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int depth; // 物理作用域深度(用于 EndScope 释放寄存器)
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};
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inline constexpr int MAX_LOCALS = 250;
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inline constexpr int MAX_CONSTANTS = UINT16_MAX + 1;
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// 任何跨函数、跨模块的编译，都压入弹出这个 State
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struct FuncState
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{
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String name;
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FuncState *enclosing = nullptr; // 指向外层状态 (支持闭包)
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Proto *proto = nullptr;
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std::uint8_t freeReg = 0;
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int scopeDepth = 0;
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DynArray<LocalVar> locals;
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std::uint8_t fastRegMap[UINT8_MAX + 1]; // 256, 索引 = localId, 值 = 寄存器 id
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FuncState(String _name, FuncState *enc = nullptr) : name(std::move(_name)), enclosing(enc)
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{
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proto = new Proto();
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std::fill_n(fastRegMap, 256, UINT8_MAX); // 255代表未分配
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}
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// 注意：这里不 delete proto，因为 proto 是要作为编译产物吐出去的
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};
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struct CompiledModule
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{
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String name; // 供调试/打印
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DynArray<Proto *> protos; // 扁平化函数原型
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CompiledModule(String _name, DynArray<Proto *> _protos) :
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name(std::move(_name)), protos(std::move(_protos))
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{
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}
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~CompiledModule()
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{
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for (auto *p : protos)
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{
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delete p;
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}
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}
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};
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class Compiler
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{
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private:
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String fileName;
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SourceManager &manager;
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FuncState *current = nullptr; // 永远指向当前正在编译的上下文
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int mainFuncIndex = -1;
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HashMap<int, int> globalFuncMap; // localid -> ProtoIdx
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public:
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DynArray<Proto *> allProtos;
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struct FuncStateProtector
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{
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Compiler *compiler;
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FuncState *prevState;
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[[nodiscard]]
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FuncStateProtector(Compiler *comp, FuncState *newState) :
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compiler(comp), prevState(comp->current)
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{
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compiler->current = newState;
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}
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~FuncStateProtector()
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{
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compiler->current = prevState;
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}
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};
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Compiler(String _fileName, SourceManager &_manager) :
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fileName(std::move(_fileName)), manager(_manager)
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{
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// 初始化顶级作用域
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current = new FuncState("global", nullptr);
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allProtos.push_back(current->proto); // 最顶层, bootstrapper
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}
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~Compiler()
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{
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// 内存清理 (如果有异常中断)
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while (current != nullptr)
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{
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FuncState *prev = current->enclosing;
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delete current;
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current = prev;
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}
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}
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Result<CompiledModule *, Error> Compile(Program *program);
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private:
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void PushState(String _name)
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{
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current = new FuncState(std::move(_name));
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}
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Proto *PopState()
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{
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FuncState *oldState = current;
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Proto *finishedProto = oldState->proto;
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current = oldState->enclosing;
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delete oldState;
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return finishedProto;
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}
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std::uint8_t AllocReg()
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{
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if (current->freeReg >= 255)
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{
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assert(false && "Register overflow!");
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}
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std::uint8_t reg = current->freeReg++;
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if (current->freeReg > current->proto->maxStack)
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{
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current->proto->maxStack = current->freeReg;
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}
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return reg;
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}
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void FreeReg(std::uint8_t reg)
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{
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// 如果这个寄存器被局部变量使用，不释放直接 Return
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for (const auto &local : current->locals)
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{
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if (local.reg == reg)
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{
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return; // 拒绝释放，保护局部变量生命周期
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}
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}
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// 如果它是纯粹的临时计算结果），释放
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if (reg == current->freeReg - 1)
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{
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current->freeReg--;
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}
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}
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void Emit(Instruction inst)
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{
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current->proto->code.push_back(inst);
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}
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std::uint16_t AddConstant(Value v)
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{
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auto it =
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std::find(current->proto->constants.begin(), current->proto->constants.end(), v);
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if (it != current->proto->constants.end())
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{
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return std::distance(current->proto->constants.begin(), it);
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}
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current->proto->constants.push_back(v);
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return static_cast<std::uint16_t>(current->proto->constants.size() - 1);
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}
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void BeginScope()
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{
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current->scopeDepth++;
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}
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void EndScope()
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{
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current->scopeDepth--;
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while (!current->locals.empty() && current->locals.back().depth > current->scopeDepth)
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{
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FreeReg(current->locals.back().reg);
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current->locals.pop_back();
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}
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}
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std::uint8_t DeclareLocal(int localId)
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{
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std::uint8_t reg = AllocReg();
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current->locals.push_back(LocalVar{localId, reg, current->scopeDepth});
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current->fastRegMap[localId] = reg;
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return reg;
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}
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std::uint8_t DeclareLocal(int localId, std::uint8_t reg) // 表示复用哪个寄存器
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{
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current->locals.push_back(LocalVar{localId, reg, current->scopeDepth});
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current->fastRegMap[localId] = reg;
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return reg;
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}
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// 发射一条跳转指令，并返回它在代码数组里的绝对索引 (Index)
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int EmitJump(OpCode op, std::uint8_t aReg = 0)
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{
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// 预填 0
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Emit(Op::iAsBx(op, aReg, 0));
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return current->proto->code.size() - 1;
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}
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// 填真实偏移量到那条指令里
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void PatchJump(int instructionIndex)
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{
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// 目标地址就是当前代码数组的末尾
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int target = current->proto->code.size();
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// 相对偏移量 = 目标地址 - 指令自身所在的地址 - 1
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// (因为 VM 里的 ip 在取指后会自动 +1，所以偏移要减去 1)
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int offset = target - instructionIndex - 1;
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if (offset < INT16_MIN || offset > INT16_MAX)
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{
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assert(false && "PatchJump: Jump offset exceeds 16-bit signed limit!");
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}
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Instruction &inst = current->proto->code[instructionIndex];
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inst = (inst & 0x0000FFFF)
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| (static_cast<Instruction>(static_cast<std::uint16_t>(offset)) << 16);
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}
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SourceLocation makeSourceLocation(AstNode *node)
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{
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SourceLocation location = node->location; // copy
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location.functionName = current->name;
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location.fileName = fileName;
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return location;
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}
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Result<std::uint8_t, Error> compileIdentiExpr(IdentiExpr *);
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Result<std::uint8_t, Error> compileLiteral(LiteralExpr *);
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Result<std::uint8_t, Error> compileAssignment(
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InfixExpr *); // 编译赋值，由 CompileInfixExpr调用
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Result<std::uint8_t, Error> compileInfixExpr(InfixExpr *);
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Result<std::uint8_t, Error> compileLeftValue(
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Expr *); // 左值对象，可以是变量、结构体字段或模块对象
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Result<std::uint8_t, Error> compileCallExpr(CallExpr *);
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Result<std::uint8_t, Error> compileExpr(Expr *);
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/* Statements */
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Result<void, Error> compileVarDecl(VarDecl *);
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Result<void, Error> compileBlockStmt(BlockStmt *);
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Result<void, Error> compileIfStmt(IfStmt *);
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Result<void, Error> compileWhileStmt(WhileStmt *);
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Result<void, Error> compileFnDefStmt(FnDefStmt *);
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Result<void, Error> compileReturnStmt(ReturnStmt *);
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Result<void, Error> compileStmt(Stmt *);
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};
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inline void DisassembleInstruction(Instruction inst, std::size_t index)
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{
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// 提取OpCode (低 8 位)
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auto op = static_cast<OpCode>(inst & 0xFF);
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std::string_view opName = magic_enum::enum_name(op);
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// 所有指令至少都有 A 操作数 (8~15 位)
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std::uint8_t a = (inst >> 8) & 0xFF;
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// 地址补零，指令名左对齐占 10 字符
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std::cout << std::format("{:04d} {:<10} ", index, opName);
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switch (op)
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{
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case OpCode::Exit: {
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break;
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}
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case OpCode::Mov: {
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// iABx 模式
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std::uint16_t bx = (inst >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
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std::cout << std::format("R{:<3} R[{}]", a, bx);
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break;
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}
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case OpCode::LoadK: {
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// iABx 模式：解析 Bx (16~31 位)
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std::uint16_t bx = (inst >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
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std::cout << std::format("R{:<3} K[{}]", a, bx);
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break;
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}
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case OpCode::Jmp:
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case OpCode::JmpIfFalse: {
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// iAsBx
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std::int16_t sbx = static_cast<std::uint16_t>(inst >> 16);
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std::cout << std::format("R{:<3} [{}]", a, sbx);
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break;
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}
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case OpCode::FastCall:
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{
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std::uint8_t b = (inst >> 16) & 0xFF;
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std::cout << std::format("Proto{:<3} R[{}]+", a, b);
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break;
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}
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case OpCode::Call:
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{
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std::uint8_t b = (inst >> 16) & 0xFF;
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std::cout << std::format("R{:<3} R[{}]+", a, b);
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break;
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}
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case OpCode::LoadTrue:
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case OpCode::LoadFalse:
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case OpCode::LoadNull:
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case OpCode::Add:
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case OpCode::Sub:
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case OpCode::Mul:
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case OpCode::Div:
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case OpCode::Mod:
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case OpCode::IntFastAdd:
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case OpCode::IntFastSub:
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case OpCode::IntFastMul:
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case OpCode::IntFastDiv:
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{
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// iABC 模式：解析 B (16~23 位) 和 C (24~31 位)
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std::uint8_t b = (inst >> 16) & 0xFF;
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std::uint8_t c = (inst >> 24) & 0xFF;
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std::cout << std::format("R{:<3} R{:<3} R{}", a, b, c);
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break;
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}
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case OpCode::Return: {
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// iA 模式：只用到了 A
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std::cout << std::format("R{}", a);
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break;
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}
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case OpCode::LoadFn: {
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std::uint16_t bx = (inst >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
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std::cout << std::format("R{:<3} Proto[{}]", a, bx);
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break;
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}
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// default: {
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// std::cout << "?";
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// break;
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// }
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}
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std::cout << '\n';
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}
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inline void DumpCode(const DynArray<Instruction> &code)
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{
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std::cout << " Bytecode\n";
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for (std::size_t i = 0; i < code.size(); ++i)
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{
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DisassembleInstruction(code[i], i);
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}
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}
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}; // namespace Fig
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